Automatic film winding and shutter tensioning control camera mechanism



Oct. 20, 1953 Filed April 15, 1948 J. E. HARVEY AUTOMATIC FILM WINDING AND SHUTTER TENSIONING CONTROL CAMERA MECHANISM 10 Sheets-Sheet l I L1 H, lumull lngg I INV EN TOR. JAMEs E. HARVEY ATTORNE Y5 Oct. 20, 1953 J. E/HARVEY AUTOMATIC FILM WINDING AND SHUTTER TENSIONING CONTROL CAMERA MECHANISM 1O Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 15, 1948 INVENTOR.

J4Ms f. HAm/Er Oct. 20, 1953 AR 2,655,847

J. H VEY AU'ITQMATIC F-ILM WIN ING AND gUTTER TENSIONING CONTROL CAMERA ISM Filed April 15, 1948 l0 Sheets-Sheet 3 mmvmx. James 5. HARVEY A TTORN/EYS Oct. 20, 1953 ;.;E. HARVEY 2,655,847

AUTOMATIC FILM WINDING AND SHUTTER TENSIONING CONTROL CAMERA MECHANISM I Filed April 15. 1948 10 Sheets-Sheet 4 IN VEN TOR. J4Ms f. HARVEY JMM/ A TTORNE Y6 HARVEY 0a. 20, 1953. wk E 2,655,847

AUTOMAELQFILM IOING AND SHUTTER TENSIONING CONTROL CAMERA MECHANISM 1O Shefs-Sheet 5 Filed April 15, 1948 INVENTOR. JQMES 1E. HARVEY ATTORNEYS Oct. 20, 1953 J. E. HARVEY AUTOMATIC FILM WINDING AND SHUTTER TENSIONING CONTROL CAMERA MECHANISM l0 Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed April 15, 1948 JAM/5s f. HARVEY Oct. 20, 1953 J. E. HARVEY 2,655,347

' AUTOMATIC FILM WINDING AND SHUTTER TENSIONING CONTROL CAMERA MECHANISM Filed April 15', 1948 10 Sheets-Sheet s gwua/wfob JAMEs E. HARVEY Oct. 20, 1953 5 VE 2,655,847

AUTOMATIC FILM WINDING AND SH TER TENSIONING CONTROL CAMERA MECHANISM Filed April 15, 1948 10 Sheets-Sheet 9 ,JA/mss f. HARVEY 7 J. E. HARVEY AUTOMATIC FILM WINDING AND SHUTTER TENSIONING Oct. 20, 1953 CONTROL CAMERA MECHANISM l0 Sheets-Sheet 10 Filed April 15, 1948 JAMES E. /7,4R1/ r Patented Oct. 20, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE AUTOMATIC FILM WINDING AND SHUTTER TENSIONING CONTROL CAMERA MECH- ANISM James E. Harvey, Ann Arbor, Mich., assignor to Argus Cameras, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich., a corporation of Michigan 24 Claims. 1

This invention relates to cameras and particularly to the novel association of shutter and film advancing mechanisms in cameras.

It is the major object of the invention to provide a novel associated film advance and shutter control mechanism wherein double exposures are prevented.

A further object of the invention is to provide a novel camera construction wherein the shutter and substantially all of the associated mechanism for operating and controlling it are all mounted on a common removable part so as to be removable as a unit from the camera for repair or replacement.

A further object of the invention is to provide a novel shutter driving assembly in a camera.

A further object of the invention is to pro vide in a camera a spring operated power shaft assembly associated with novel arrangements for controlling the cycle and speed of rotation of the shaft.

A further object of the invention is to provide a camera construction wherein a novel spring operated power shaft positively accomplishes opening and closing movement of the shutter.

A further object of the invention resides in the novel association of a power driven shaft with suitable stop and release mechanism in a camera whereby after an exposure has been made no succeeding exposure is possible until the film has been advanced the necessary amount to bring a fresh unexposed area before the exposure aperture.

It is a further object of the invention to provide in a camera having a main power unit driving a shutter, a novel positive cam and lever connection between the power unit and the shutter.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a camera with shutter control mechanism having novel adjustment for bulb or various instantaneous exposures.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a novel shutter control and release and film advance interlock in a camera.

A further object of the invention is to provide a camera having novel internal construction and subassembly arrangements.

A further object of the invention is to provide a novel power shaft assembly in a camera for driving the shutter.

Further objects of the invention will presently appear as the description proceeds in connection with the appended claims and the annexed drawings wherein:

. Figure 1 is a top plan view of a camera con- 2 structed according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;

Figure 2 is a front elevation of the camera of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a bottom elevation of the camera of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a rear elevation of the camera of Figure 1 with the back cover removed;

Figure 5 is an exploded view of the camera parts illustrating the top, the body and back cover in vertical separation with the removable front plate assembly on which the film and shutter control mechanism is mounted displaced from the body;

Figure 6 is an enlarged rear elevation of the removable front plate subassembly comprising the film feed and shutter control mechanism;

Figure 7 is an end elevation of the subassembly of Figure 6 as indicated by line 7-4 in Figure 6;

Figure 8 is an end elevation of the subassembly of Figure 6 viewed oppositely from Figure '7 as indicated by line 8-8 in Figure 6;

Figure 9 is a section substantially on line 99 of Figure 6;

Figure 10 is a section substantially on line Hllll of Figure 6;

Figure 11 is a section substantially on line ll-I I of Figure 6;

Figure 12 is a side elevation partly in section of the power shaft assembly;

Figure 13 is a linear development of the shutter operating cam of the power shaft;

Figure 14 is an exploded view of part of the mechanism of Figures 6-13, for clearer illustration of their relative positions in the assembly;

Figure 15 is a fragmentary top elevation illustrating the power shaft and release latch association prior to cooking of the power spring;

Figure 16 is a side elevation of the parts of Figure 15;

Figure 1'? is a side elevation illustrating the position of the release latch and power shaft after the power spring has been cocked;

Figure 18 is a top plan view similar to Figure 15, but with the bulb exposure control latch illustrated;

Figure 19 is a side elevation of the parts of Figure 18;

Figure 20 is a side elevation of the parts of Figures 18 and 19 after the release latch has been depressed and illustrating the power shaft rotation stopped by the bulb latch with the shutter open;

Figure 21 is a top plan view of the parts of Figure 20;

Figure 22 is an enlarged elevation partly in section illustrating the upper end of the power shaft and associated controls;

Figure 23 is a top plan view of the synchronizer bearing assembly with the shiftable switch contact shown in phantom lines;

Figure 24 is a bottom plan View of the synchronizer bearing assembly with the brush on the power shaft illustrated diagrammatically;

Figure 25 is a section substantially on line 25-45 in Figure 22 illustrating a top plan view of the contact member on the synchronizer shaft;

Figure 26 is a section substantially along line 26-26 of Figure 22 illustrating the inertia wheel and its adjustable mount;

Figure 27 is an enlarged fragmentary view mainly in section illustrating a further embodiment of the invention wherein the sprocket is driven directly from the film wind mechanism;

Figure 28 is a side elevation of the wind ear unit;

Figure 29 is a top plan view of the clutch block in the film wind assembly;

Figure 30 is a fragmentary section on line 3030 of Figure 2'7, and

Figure 31 is a top plan view of the clutch member in the wind assembly.

Referring chiefly to Figures 1-6 the camera comprises a case body l l formed around its upper periphery with a shallow ledge 52 upon which is fitted the top part 13 of the camera. Top I3 is essentially a stamped shell of light metal suitably formed as will hereinafter be described and provided with a rim i adapted to seat around ledge l2. A rear cover assembly l which is quickly separable from the body for insertion and removal of the film is illustrated below body H in Figure 5. To the right of the body ll in Figure 5 is illustrated a front plate subassembly I8 which in the completed camera is secured to body I! as by screws extending through suitable corner holes ll in the front plate and threaded apertures [8 in the camera.

A removable lens assembly [9 is threadedly mounted in a suitable cap 20 secured as by screws 2! over the shutter aperture of the front plate assembly, and a flexible fabric or leather covering material 22 is secured along the whole front side of the camera on opposite sides of the lens assembly to conceal the screws and other joints between front plate assembly l5 and body H and provide a finished appearance to the camera. The lens assembly is preferably that disclosed and claimed in my copending application Serial No. 775,786, filed September 24, 1947, now Patent No. 2,532,300, issued December 5, 1950.

Camera body H comprises a rear body wall 23 formed with a rectangular exposure aperture 24. Parallel film guide rails 25 extend along the sides of aperture 24, as illustrated in Figure 4, slightly above the surface level of wall 23. Rear body wall 23 is joined by rounded corners to transverse walls 26 and 21 that extend forwardly to a front body wall 26. At opposite ends front body wall 28 curves rearwardly to provide half side walls formed for light tight juncture with the complementary half side walls 29 and Si that are integral with rear wall 32 and bottom wall 33 of back cover I5. This body construction provides rounded transverse film spool chambers, indicated at 34 and 35 in Figure l, which are open to the rear of the body and enclosed by back cover IS. The film, in passing over aperture 24,

is resiliently pressed against rails 25 by spring biased presser plate assembly 3G on the cover. The bottom wall 33 of back cover I5 is provided with a latch 3? for engagin a coacting device 35 on the bottom body wall 39 and a cup 56 for receiving one end of the film supply spool.

The above described body and back cover construction is preferably substantially the same as that disclosed in United States Patent No. 2,378,406 issued June 19, 1945, to Clinton H. Harris, to which reference is made for more detailed disclosure. Departures from that patented construction will be described in detail below.

Within the forwardly open space defined in the body by walls 23, 2G, 2? and 33 is a forwardly extending light shield plate li riveted to wall 23. Shield 4! effectively partitions that space into a light passage chamber 42 before aperture 24 and a power shaft and sprocket mechanism chamber $3 to the left of shield ll in Figure 5, as will appear, and protects the mechanism.

The front plate subassembly, as illustrated in Figures 5 and '7, compri es a plate it that is flush with and serves as the central substantially continuous part of front body wall 28 in the camera assembly, an integral rearwardly projecting flange 45 which serves part of the top wall between the spool chambers and a parallel rearwardly extending bottom flange 46. A suitable shutter subassembly 4? of known construction is externally secured to suitably apertured plate M. Because of its threaded end mounting in cap 26, the lens assembly l9 may be bodily removed for use in an enlarger or the like while the normally closed shutter 37 maintains the aperture light tight and protects any film that may be in the camera against exposure.

A rotatable shutter operating ring 7-3 (Figure 7) is journalled in the shutter assembly and has rearwardly extending therefrom a bifurcated projection 49 adapted to receive an operating pin 51' comprising the integral turned end of a shutter operating toggle lever 52 pivoted upon an arbor 53 extending between two fixedly spaced plates 54 and 55 riveted together to provide a unitary shutter operating lever mount. Lever 52 is of hardened steel to reduce wear.

As illustrated in Figures 7 and 10, Wall 35 is formed with a thickened portion upon which the entire shutter operating lever mount is mounted supported for adjustment in a direction perpendicular to the axis of arbor 53 which in turn is perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens assembly. As illustrated in Figure 7, plates 54 and 55 are each formed with vertically aligned and elongated apertures 57 and 58 through which extend screws 59 and as threaded into the thickened wall portion. When both screws are loosened, it will be apparent that the shutter operating lever mount assembly consisting of plates 54 and 55 and lever 52 may be adjusted as a unit vertically with respect to shutter operating ring and the adjustment locked by tightening the screws. The purpose of this adjustment will be explained later.

Rocking movement of lever 52 positively rotates shutter ring 48 to open and close the exposure aperture by movement of the usual shutter blades (not shown) pivoted to ring 62 in a conventional manner. Preferably the axis of arbor 53 is substantially in the horizontal plane containing the optical axis of the lens assembly mounted before the shutter, a position attained by the above adjustment as will appear.

The shutter is actuated and controlled by a power shaft (H which is spring driven and so associated with the film advancing mechanism that it cannot operate to trip the shutter except in predetermined relation with the film feed. Betails of this interlock will be explained later.

The power shaft Si is preferably a machined integral member having thereon an integral radially projecting escapement striking nose 62, a grooved shutter operating cam 63, a radial projection 64 above the cam adapted to coact with the bulb exposure control mechanism as will appear, another radial projection 55 adapted to coact with the shutter release latch as will appear, and an annular projection 56 for coacting with an inertia wheel in controlling the speed of operation of shaft 6! as will also appear.

The lower end of shaft 6! (Figure 12) is formed with a central bearing recess Bl piloted upon a radial bearing pin 68 which comprises the tip end of a bearing screw d9 threaded within the upper end of a lower bearing support sleeve 1 I. A thrust bearing comprising a ball W in a suitable socket is provided at the inner end of recess ill in contact with the end of pin 68. The lower end of sleeve ll projects into a suitable aperture in flange 48 and is held securely therein as by an enlarged integral formation 12 engaging the upper surface of flange 43 with lower end of sleeve H staked over at P3 at the under side of flange it? in order to rigidly secure bearing support (I in upright relation on flange 46. Any other equivalent manner of rigidly securing sleeve H to flange it may be used. A bearing locking screw 14 is threaded within the lower end of sleeve H, so that by removing screw '54 access may be had for vertical adjustment of the bearing pivot pin 68.

The annular upper surface of support sleeve l I, indicated at 15, may provide a thrust bearing in the assembly when the lower end of shaft Si is in contact with the support. The upper end of shaft 6| is similarly formed with a central bearing recess 76 for seating a radial bearing pivot pin ll comprising a lower end of a bearing adjustment screw 18 threaded within a bushing assembly 59 fixed in a suitable aperture in flange 35. A thrust bearing comprising a ball 80 in a suitable socket is provided in the inner end of recess 16 in contact with the end of pin 11. As will be later described, bushing 19 contains part of the switching mechanism for the photofiash bulb circuit. Bushing is may be removed as a unit from fiange 45, or access may be had at its top to adjust the vertical position of pivot pin H and for adjusting or removing bearing pin screw 18.

The length of shaft 6i need not be unduly accurately machined in manufacture because the above described longitudinal adjustment may be used to locate it. After shaft 6| has been properly longitudinally positioned in the camera for proper coaction with the various latches controlling it by adjustment of pivot pins E8 and ii, the shutter operating lever mount 53, Ed is adjusted parallel to shaft iii to locate it for optimum actuation of the shutter by cam 63.

Shaft B! is thus supported for free rotation about a normally vertical axis perpendicular to the optical axis of the camera when the camera is in the position of Figure 2. Rotation of shaft BI is effected under control of a relatively heavy coiled wire power spring 8i which surrounds both the lower end of shaft 6! below projection 82 and the upper end of bearing support sleeve Tl as illustrated in Figure 12.

Referring to Figure 12, cylindrical support sleeve ll provides an upright journal for mounting a gear 82 for rotation about the axis of shaft 6|. The bore of gear 82 is recessed at its bottom to seat upon the shouldered upper surface of formation 12 and thereby support gear 82 for rotation out of engagement with the upper surface of wall flange 46.

Rigidly secured upon the upper end of gear 82 is a special cam 83 which controls an interlock between the film feed and the shutter operating mechanism, as will be described. Cam G3 is rigid with and rotatable with gear 82 and this rotation is confined to one direction by means of pawl 84 (Figure 11) pivoted upon a stationary axis 85 on flange it and urged by spring 86 into contact with the lower ends of the teeth of gear 82, as illustrated best in Figure 6. As viewed in Figure 11, pawl 84 permits rotation of gear 82 in a counterclockwise direction only.

The purpose of gear 82- is primarily to provide a connection between the film advancing mechanism and spring ill for winding the spring when the film advancing mechanism is being operated to position a fresh unexposed section of film before aperture 24. The lower end of coil spring 8| is anchored at 8i to the gear and cam assembly 82, 83 which is otherwise freely rotatable in the proper direction about the axis of shaft 61, and the upper end of coil spring BI is anchored to shaft 6| as by attachment to projection 62. As will appear, mechanism is provided for holding shaft 6! against rotation about its axis while gear 82 is being rotated counterclockwise during the film advancing operation and thus winding spring 8 I.

In a desirable form of the invention, I accomplish rotation of gear 82 by a motion transmitting connection between it and the film driven sprocket as which also serves to drive the film counter. Sprocket so comprises a shaft 9! having at opposite ends toothed sprocket wheels 32 and 53 adapted to project through suitable slots 94 and 95 in the camera body into engagement with sprocket holes in the film between aperture 24 and the takeup spool chamber 34.

At its lower end, shaft as is formed with a spur gear 96 which rotates with it, and below that gear shaft Ell is formed with a reduced cylindrical extension 81 (Figure 8) projecting within a bearing recess 98 in lower flange 46 of the sub-assembly. Between flange 36 and gear 56, a flat plate 98 (Figures 6 and 11) is freely journalled about the sprocket shaft axis and formed with diverging arms l0! and I02. Freely rotatably mounted on arm 02 on an axis parallel to sprocket 9b is a spur gear [03 constantly meshed with gear 35 on the sprocket shaft. Gear [$3, besides being rotatable about its axis, is also swingable about the axis of sprocket shaft at by reason of the journalling of plate 99 at bearing 9?.

Referring to Figure 11, a. fixed stop pin [64 projecting upwardly from flange is disposed between arms It! and Hi2 to thereby limit rocking of plate 99 about its axis within small angles. When shaft 9| is rotated counterclockwise (Figure 11) as when the film is being wound on the take-up spool, engagement of gears 95 and let tends to swing plate 529 counterclockwise so that gear I03 is urged into mesh with gear 82, thereby rotating gear 82 to wind power spring 8|. Pawl 84 prevents reverse rotation of gear 32. Engagement of arm It] with stop pin Hi4 limits the angular displacement of plate 95 and prevents binding of gears I03 and 83. When sprocket shaft 9i is rotated in the opposite direction, as when the film is being rewound on the supply spool, plate acumen 99 swings clockwise to demesh gears 82 and I33, the swing of plate 99 being checked by pin I04.

Thus, in this illustrated form of my invention, rotation of the film sprocket when the film is being wound on the supply spool, which is rotation of sprocket shaft SI in a counterclockwise direction in Figure 11, is thereby transmitted through gears 95, I33 and 82 to wind and energize the power spring 8I, the film itself being a motion transmitting member in this mechanism. If desired, however, I may provide suitable direct gearing between the film winding spool and the sprocket to eliminate the film as a motion transmitting member, as in Figures 27-31.

Referring to Figure 8, the whole sprocket assembly 98 is axially urged downwardly by a compression spring I surrounding the upper part of shaft 9i and the lower surface of fiange 45. The upper end of shaft 9| has a tongue and groove connection IEIE with a film counter driving gear assembly I07 freely journalled in upper flange 35.

The power spring 8I, when released, operates to rotate power shaft BI counterclockwise (Figure to move shutter lever 52 positively during both opening and closing movements of the shutter, this shutter movement being determined by suitable cam surfaces on cam 63. As will be described below, suitable latch mechanism is provided for holding shaft BI against rotation while the film is being wound and gear 82 rotated, so that spring SI may thus be energized, and for releasing this latch at the will of the operator when an exposure is desired and a shutter release lever depressed.

The time of rotation of power driven shaft 6! when released to make an exposure is controlled by an escapement assembly III (Figure 6) comprising a pair of spaced parallel frames H2 and I I3 with suitable gear and pallet mechanism between them and mounted securely upon wall 45 as by rivets I I4 pressed through ears II 5. Referring to Figure 10, the usual rotatable escapement sector gear IE6 carries an upstanding pin II? normally urged in a counterclockwise direction by a suitable internal spring (not shown) into contact with a bar H8 pivoted at II9 to the top of plate H2. Bar H3 carries at its rear end an upstanding pin I2! in contact with the cam face I22 of a shutter speed adjustment cam I23 fixed upon a shaft E24 that is rotatably supported in a boss I25 integral with front plate 44 and extends through plate 45. A knurled setting dial I 25 bearing a series of inclicia I21 (Figure 2) calibrated to indicate shutter speeds is fixed to shaft I24 where the shaft projects through the front of the camera. A cam I28 which, as will be explained, controls the shaft release mechanism during bulb operation is also fixed to shaft I24 adjacent face cam I23.

Cam 63 for positively operating shutter lever 52 is preferably an integral cylindrical formation on shaft GI provided with a continuous peripheral cam recess comprising (Figure 13) a narrow horizontal groove I29, an inclined face I3I, a short narrow horizontal groove I32 which represents the dwell period wherein the shutter is stopped wide open when the shutter is operated for a bulb exposure, and oppositely inclined face I33 which communicates with the other end of groove I29.

With the parts at rest and before and during winding of the power spring 8I, the cam engaging end of lever 52, which comprises an extension bent oppositely to pin 5I and provided with a ball head I 34, is disposed in groove I29 with a running clearance fit adjacent the top of inclined face I33 as illustrated in Figure 7. When shaft BI is rotated counterclockwise by power spring 8I to make an exposure, cam 53 rotates with it to move as indicated by the arrow in Figure 13 and opening movement of the shutter starts when ball head I34 leaves groove I29 and is positively forced downwardly by inclined cam face I3I. During shutter opening movement, head I34 is displaced the depth of cam face I3I, with shutter lever 52 being rocked clockwise from its position of Figure '7.

I have observed this action with the aid of high speed photography both at the lower and higher shutter speeds of the camera. At lower shutter speeds of about 1 5 second, the eflect of impact of the leading end of cam face I3I with head I34 is to rock lever 52 much faster than the cam 53 is rotating whereby head I34 actually becomes very quickly displaced to approximately the dotted line position I30 of Figure 13. The action is somewhat as if head I34 were a ball struck by a bat corresponding to face I3I, and the low inertia of the shutter lever 52 and shutter parts does not hinder the action appreciably. This means that the shutter opens fully much faster than it would if head I34 merely followed along face I3I. The cam 63, as illustrated in Figure 13, is cut away opposite face I3I to the depth level of groove I29 representing maximum shutter opening.

Should the head I34 rebound from the dotted line position of Figure 13 toward face I3I, any such rebound is opposed and head I34 returned by striking the advancing face I3I. In observed operation, I have discovered that the governing action of the inertia wheel I13, later described in detail, contributes a novel and unexpectedly advantageous control over such rebound during the period it is effective on shaft BI. I have found that this governing action of inertia wheel I13, which takes place during most of the shutter opening movement of cam 63, prevents any substantia1 rebound of head I34 so that as a practical matter head I34 substantially maintains its indicated displaced position until cam 63 has rotated to bring head I34 within groove I32.

At higher shutter speeds of about 5 second, the same action is noted but there is even less tendency to rebound due to the faster speed of rotation of cam 63. When head I34 reaches the dwell groove I32, the shutter is wide open. Then, when an instantaneous exposure is being made, head I34 passes through dwell I 32 quickly and is positively forced upwardly by inclined face I33 to reverse the rocking of lever 52 and accomplish closing movement of the shutter. This reverse rocking of lever 52 is quickly accomplished similarly to the operation described above for the opening movement of the shutter. When lever 52 has been returned to the position of Figure 7, the shutter is closed again and head I34 is once more disposed in groove I29 ready for a repeat operation. The above described operation provides an extremely efficient shutter which is positively controlled and provides unusually accurate exposure determination. Suitable controls, to be described below, limit rotation of shaft BI to a single complete revolution each time the shutter release plunger is depressed by the operator.

It will be observed that during the entire 360 of rotation of cam 83, shutter lever 52 is positively controlled by the successive cam faces, and that no spring operation other than that powering shaft BI is relied upon or necessary to actuate the shutter to open or closed position.

When gear 82 is rotated counterclockwise, winding of power spring ilI takes place because shaft GI, to which the upper end of the spring is anchored, is held against counterclockwise rotation, as illustrated in Figures 9, 15 and 16, by engagement of radial projection 65 with the end face I40 of a stop arm I35 pivoted upon the cylindrical shank of an internally projecting pin I36 having a threaded end and. a retainer nut I31.

A shutter release latch its is also pivoted on pin I35 (Figures 6, 9, 15 and 16). Latch I35} is formed with a stop face Ml where it extends past shaft GI, and a pin I42 projects inwardly from latch I39 beyond the shaft. The free end of latch IE9 is turned upwardly to provide a tip end underlying a shutter release plunger assembly which is slidably mounted in a suitable boss in flange 45 as illustrated in Figure 6 so that, when the plunger is depressed by the operator, latch I39 is rocked downwardly or clockwise about its pivot itii. llunger its surrounds a pin I 44 having a collar 545 between latch I39 and the lower end of plunger M3. Pin lie is adapted for cable release operation. A spring arm its bears against the upper side of pin it! projecting from arm I35 away from shaft 6| for normally urging arm l35 to rotate clockwise, or downwardly.

Spring arm I45 is an extension of one end of a length of spring Wire coiled about a projection 530 on the inner side of wall ts and having another arm I455 secured at its end in an aperture in latch I353 so as to normally urge latch I39 upwardly or counterclockwise. As will appear, spring I48 returns latch I39 to the same initial position after completion of each exposure, instantaneous or bulb.

Removal of stop arm 35 from the path of projection 55 when it is desired to make an an posure is automatically accomplished while spring {H is being tensioned, provision being made for preventingpremature release and operative rotation of shaft iii at this time by transferring the stop action of face of arm I35 to stop face It! of latch I39 which, as shown best in Figure 15, lies only slightly behind face hill of arm Hill.

A reset bar I55) is slidably mounted parallel to shaft 6! in a suitable V-guide let in the inner surface of wall projection (Figures 7 and 15). fhe upper end of bar its is recessed at IE! to receive the projecting end of pin l il, so that upward displacement of bar its rocks stop arm its counterclockwise out of the path of projection to the position illustrated in Figure 17.

Upward displacement of car its is eifected by engagement of the bottom surface 552 of bar hit with the inclined (Figure 6) of lift cam 83. With the parts in the position of Figure 7, prior to winding up spring 85, bar end IE2 rests upon the low face at one end of ramp i535. As gear 532 and 'cam @3 are rotated by advance of the film as above described, inclined part of ramp iii-3 gradually raises bar M9. The slope of ramp IE3 is such that a single revolution will raise bar if-Q sufliciently to rock stop arm upwardly to the position of 17 where face M 3 is out of the path of projection #38.

As arm I35 leaves the path of projection (55, shaft 59 rotates a very small angle but any material rotation is stopped by contact of projection 65 with stop face I l! on latch I39, as also illustrated in Figure 17. This transfer is effected without noticeable effect upon the winding of spring 8I. Ramp M3 is sufficiently long to keep bar I49 raised until after this transfer takes place. Then, after the high level surface of ramp I53 has passed the bottom of bar M9, near the end of a revolution of cam 83, spring M6 tends to displace bar M9 downwardly, but such is prevented by the fact that stop arm 35 now abuts the top of projection 65 as also illustrated in Figure 1'7.

The high level surface of ramp I53 is attained by bar surface before cam 83 has turned a complete revolution, and this surface is joined to low face $5 3 by a steep incline A55 illustrated in Figure I. As the high surface of the ramp passes from beneath surface I52, bar M9 is maintained in its raised position by the above described contact of stop I35 with projection 65 and also to some extent bythe friction exerted by a spring guide plate 556 secured at one end to wall it as by screw I5! and extending over a fiat side area of bar I59 opposite guide 59 to thereby prevent rotation of bar Mil about its axis.

After cam 83 has been rotated through a single revolution, a radial projection icl on the cam, spaced a small distance above low face 54 as illustrated in Figure '7, comes into contact with the lower end portion I62 of the raised reset bar, which thereby serves as a stop to prevent further winding of spring BI and to stop advance of the film through the camera. The parts are so dimensioned that a single revolution of sprocket which represents one frame advance of the film causes a single revolution of cam 33, gears 98 and 83 being of the same size. Thus the film is always advanced the same measured linear distance regardless of the amount of film on the take-up spool.

Hence, as soon as cam 83 has been rotated a single revolution, the power spring 3| is cocked, and rotation of shaft all (counterclockwise in Figure 9) is prevented only by engagement of projection 65 with stop face It! on latch 535i. At the will of the operator, plunger M3 or pin 54; may now be depressed to rock latch H39 downwardly and remove stop face It! from the path of projection 65. This movement also loads spring M6 to urge stop 35 clockwise in Figure 6. When this is done, shaft 55 immediately ro tates under the power of spring 8!, counterclockwise in Figures 9, 10 and 11.

As soon as projection 65 has rotated from be: neath stop arm I35, the latter is rocked downwardly by spring N26 to assume its previous position in the path of projection and this also displaces reset bar Hit downwardly to its initial position where its lower end I32 is out of the path of cam projection iBi. This restoration of stop arm I 35 to initial position thus limits rotation of shaft 6| to a single revolution and the automatic unlatching of cam 83 frees that cam to make another revolution in the subsequent film winding operation. The pawl s4 prevents any rotation of the cam 33 during power driven rotation of shaft 5%. Stop bar 5% is notched at its above portion I52 to permit cam projection it! to pass bar i 59 during rotation of cam 83 in the subsequent spring cocking operation.

During the single rotation of shaft 6!, cam 63 positively opens and closes the camera shutter as above explained. The speed of rotation of 11 shaft 6|, and hence the shutter speed, is con trolled by projection 62 engaging escapement I II and this speed maybe varied by rotation of face cam I22. Sector wheel H6 of the escap'ement. which internally is of conventional structure and may be that illustrated in United States Letters Patent No. 2,397,546, is normally urged in the direction of its arrow by a spring (not shown). This rotation is stopped by" engagement of striker pin I I1 with pivoted bar II 8, and cam face l22 opposes rocking of bar" II8.

Hence by suitably shaping cam face I22 I may change the position of striker pin |I1 relative to projection 62 and thereby vary the retarding effect of the escapement on shaft 6|. Hence face- I22 is of changing depth, and when the cam is rotated until pin I2 I is engaged with the highest point on cam face I22 (shutter speed /200 second on dial I26) arm H8 and pin H! are rocked clockwise in Figure 10 to delay and minimize the time of engagement of projection 62 with pin I i1. Similarly when the cam is rotated until pin i-2I engages the lowest point of cam face I22 (1%- second on dial I26) the shaft projection 62 has its longest time of engagement with pin II1.

The above holds for instantaneous exposures. When it is desired to make a bulb exposure, provision is made for stopping shaft 6i after part of a revolution when plunger I43 is depressed and then permitting shaft 6| to complete its revolution by the operator releasing plunger I43.

A bulb latch I64 is intermediatel pivoted on wall 44 at I66. A spring I66 anchored at one end at projection I 30 and turned over pivot I65 to terminate in an arm bearing downward on latch I64 provides means by which latch I64 is biased clockwise in Figure 6 to bear at one end on the peripheral surface of cam I26 which is cylindrical except for a flat sector I61. At its opposite end, latch I64 is formed with a lateral hook-like projection I68 which provides a stop face I69.

When instantaneous exposures are desired, the cam I28 is in the position of Figure 6, with lever I64 bearing on the cylindrical surface of the cam and so rocked as to locate projection I66 well below the path of projection 64 on shaft 6|. Thus lever I64 has no function when the dial I26 is set for any specific time exposure.

For making a bulb exposure, dial I26 is rotated to dispose the indicia B opposite the index dot (Figure 2) and this rotates cam I23 until bulb latch I64 bears on flat I61, being rocked clockwise by spring I66 until projection I68 is located just below the end of stop arm I (Figure 19). With the parts in this position, spring 8| may be energized by winding of the film as above explained to rock arm I35 upwardly and to engage shaft projection 66 with stop face i4| on the latch. Bulb latch projection I68 does not interfere with this section, being located below shaft projection 66. Setting of the lever I64 for bulb operation may, of course, be made after the shaft 6| has been cocked, as desired.

When plunger I43 is depressed to make the exposure, latch I39 rocks downwardly as at the beginning of instantaneous exposure operation described above to release projection and start rotation of shaft 6|. In this bulb exposure setting, however, as latch |39 rocks downwardly, pin I42 thereon contacts the upper surface of bulb latch I64 to rock the latter counterclockwise until, at about the time that face |4| leaves 12 shaft projection 65, bulb latch projection I66 and face I69 are disposed at the" level of shaft projection 64. Engagement of projection 84 with stop face I69 after about 240 rotation of shaft 6| (Figure 21) halts rotation of shaft 6| at the time that head I34 of shutter lever 52' is disposed in dwell groove I32 (Figure 13) of cam 63, at which time the shutter has maximum opening;

The shutter now remains open until the operatorreleases plunger I43, permitting both the shutter release latch I36 and bulb latch I64 to rock upwardly and remove stop face I68 from the pathof projection 64 and allow completion of the rotation of shaft 6| through a single revolution, at which time projection 65 engages stop arm I 35 as at the terminus of the instantaneous ex posure operation.

With reference to Figures 22 and 25, annular formation 66 on the upper end of shaft 6| is formed with a sector of peripheral teeth I 1| that project beyond the circular surface I12 which is of less diameter than the periphery of the teeth I1I An inertia wheel I13, which comprises a relatively heavy member of metal or some suitable material, is formed with a central bore I14 by which it is freely journalled on a cylindrical pivot I15 that is parallel to shaft 6| and comprises the intermediate portion of a pin having an enlarged head I16 journalled in a suitable Wall boss I1! projecting above pivot I36. The pin has a smaller tip I13 coaxial with head I16 journalled in a suitable integral wall boss I19. The head of the pin is slotted at IBI, and the axis of cylindrical portion I15 is eccentric with respect to the common bearing axis of the head and tip portions I16 and I18 whereby, when a tool such as a screw driver is inserted into slot |8| and rotated, the inertia wheel by reason of the eccentricity of its journal at I15 will be shifted toward or away from shaft 6!. Figure 26 illustrates the relative eccentricity of the pin and its location relative to the inertia wheel axis, the pin in Figure 22 being displaced for illustration. At the side adjacent shaft 6|, the inertia wheel is formed with a cut-out sector I82 which is bridged by parallel pins I33 and I84 disposed at equal angles and equal distances on either side of the common plane of the centers of shaft 6| and journal I15.

Figure 25 illustrates the parts in the position they assume normally prior to start of rotation of shaft 6|. As shaft 6| rotates counterclockwise during the above described exposure making operation under the power of spring 6!, the teeth I1| successively engage the pins I 83 and I84 whereby the teeth |1| impart a succession of short reverse rocking actions to the inertia wheel which oscillates between the full and dotted line position illustrated for the pins I83 and I84 in Figure 25. This rocking movement of inertia wheel I13 is like the pallet in the usual escapement. Inertia wheel I13 thus acts as a check on the initial speed of rotation of shaft 6| so that shaft 6| does not attain an excessive speed of rotation when spring BI is released. The checking action of the oscillating inertia wheel thus substantially opposes and slows rotation of shaft 6| during the period shaft 6| operates the photoflash lamp control switch described below and during the opening movement of the shutter. By the time that surface I12 of annulus 66 is disposed within sector |62, the shutter is open and no governing effect is exerted on shaft 6| by wheel I13.

The effect of inertia wheel I13 on shaft 6| can 13 be varied by shifting the adjustable eccentric pivot I15, whereby the time of engagement of the inertia wheel with the toothed annulus can be varied.

Bushing I9, as illustrated in Figures 12 and 22, has a cylindrical bore I85 above screw '58, and a short synchronizer shaft I86 of electrically insulating material which is concentric with shaft 6| has its lower end rotatably supported in bore I85. The upper end of shaft I86 is integrally formed as a selector knob I81, from which upstands a finger projection I89 accessible through a suitable aperture I9I at the top of cover It (Figure 1), the purpose of projection its being for permitting the operator to selectively set the below described switch assembly to cooperate with either fast or slow flash bulbs.

Referring to Figure 24, which illustrates the bottom of the bushing I9, the normally flat surface there illustrated contains imbedded therein two spaced sector-shaped plates of metal I2 and I93 comprising spaced terminals adapted to be wiped across in succession by the brush terminal Ifiii secured non-rotatably upon the top of shaft 6| as illustrated in Figure 12. Rivets I95 and I94 extend respectively from plates W2 and I93 longitudinally through bushing I9 and provide contact terminals at the upper side of bushing I9. Opposite these contact terminals is a sector-shaped metal terminal strip I 93 which is riveted to bushing I9 and connected to contact I94 and is provided withan integral radially outwardly and upstanding spring contact arm I99 for contacting a metal spring blade 2% depending from the central terminal of the lamp adaptor socket 202 as in Figure 22. Gontact I83 is thus always in circuit with the center terminal of socket 202. When top I3 is mounted on the camera body arm 25H is tig tly engaged with arm I99 in electrical contact.

Non-rotatably secured to shaft H36 is a metal contact member 203. The position of member 203 is selected by the operator turning selector knob I8'I. When the contact 233 is in the position illustrated by phantom lines in Figure 23, which correspond to the F position of Figure 1, terminal I93 of Figure 2a is in circuit with the flash bulb socket 202. When contact 253 is in the 90 displaced M position permitted by opening I9I, terminal I92 also will. be connected in the flash light socket circuit.

Shaft BI is preferably flashed with copper externally to make it a good electrical conductor. A wire 2% (Figures '7 and 22) is connected at one end to outer shell 255 of socket 2&2 and at the other end to a clip 296 carrying a spring arm. 20! bearing on shaft 5 i.

In operation, as shaft 5| rotates under th inipulse of spring SI, the brush I99 which is moving in the direction of the arrow in Figure 24 first contacts segment Hi2, but if the selector switch contact 293 is in the position of Figure 23, which is the case when a small size bulb is in the flash lamp socket, the flash lamp circuit is not yet closed to energize the bulb, and energization of the bulb is delayed until brush I99 contacts segment I93. The relative angular positions of brush i853 and segment I 93 with respect to the shutter operating faces of cam 53 are such that by the time the head I34 of the shutter operating lever reaches the dwell period I32, whereby the shutter is wide open, the small lamp connected to the socket will have attained maximum energization and illumination. This is the setting for fast flash bulbs and the letter 14 F on the top of knob I81 will appear visible through opening I9I of Figure 1 in this setting.

If the contact 203 is in the 90 displaced position from Figure 23, the flash lamp circuit will be completed as soon as brush I20 crosses segment I92. This position corresponds to the use of the larger type bulb which requires more time to get up to full illumination than does the smaller bulb. This is the M setting of Figure l, the angle of difference between segments I92 and I83 representing the difference in the time that it takes for the two bulbs to reach full illumination as correlated with the speed of rotation of shaft iii, in cooperation with inertia wheel I13.

There is thus provided a novel camera wherein the power shaft, after being energised, is released. and power driven to efiiciently operate the shutter during opening and closing movements with substantially uniform speed of rotation, and in syn chronism therewith to operate a photofiash lamp circuit which may be adjusted for timing the shutter exposure with either the large bulbs which require considerable time to reach full illumination and smaller bulbs which reach full illumination in a much shorter time, thereby correlate full illumination period of either of these bulbs with the maximum shutter opening.

The inertia wheel II3 controls rotation of the shaft SI. During the time that toothed sector I'II is passing through the inertia wheel, brush ISO is traversing contact segment S92. ihe slowed controlled action of the shaft during this period also prevents shutter rebound action as above explained so that the shutter is peculiarly eflicient for short exposures.

Once this mechanism has been set, all in prodetermined angular relation with respect to shaft 6!, there is no further adjustment required as to shaft GI. All adjustments for controlling any of the factors of operation of the camera are separate from power shaft SI, which performs the same sequence of operation regard ess of the various adjustments for shutter speed and regardless of which position the bulb selector swi ch is disposed.

Figures 27-29 relate to a further embodiment of the invention wherein the film wind mechanism is directly drive connected to the sprocket whereby the power shaft is rotated to energize power spring BI without using the film as a force transmitting member as in the earlier described embodiment.

Figure 27 illustrates the parts substantially looking from the back of the camera in the direction of Figure 4. Sprocket shaft Si is form with a reduced extension 2H! on which. wheel 92 is non-rotatably fitted and in which is formed a central bore 2i i provided with diamet rically opposite longitudinal grooves 2*!2.

A depending boss 2I3 integral with flange has a central cylindrical bore for rotatably mounting a drive collar 254. A pin 2E5 nonrotatably mounted in collar 2M projects doivnwardly therefrom into bore 2:5 and pin 255 is formed with integral radial key projections that fit with grooves 282 to provide a non-rotatable connection between collar 2M, and sprocket 90. Spring I95 reacts between a loose washer 2I'I and sprocket 96 to urge the latter into an axially constant position.

Above flange 45, collar M is formed with an enlarged shoulder 2I3 upon which is non-rotatably mounted, as by a press fit, a gear 2E9. Shoulder 2l8 serves also as a step or thrust hearing for collar 2. Above shoulder 2H3, collar 2M is formed with a further enlarged head 22!) which has an upwardly open bearing recess 22! for rotatably mounting the lower end of a counter drive sleeve 222.

Sleeve 222 has non-rotatably mounted thereon, as by press fitting, a gear 223. At its upper end, sleeve 222 is surrounded by the depending skirt of a counter dial 225 that extends through a suitable aperture in cover i3, and sleeve 222 is secured to dial 225 as by a screw threaded into the bore of sleeve 222. A coiled compression spring 22? maintains this connection normally axially tight and provides a friction slip clutch bet een die and sleeve 222 for resetting dial 22:; ,y rotating it with respect to sleeve 222. An annular spacer 223 is provided between cover it the top of gear and a bracket 229 such as that illustrated in Figure 5 may be used to support the counter assembly when cover [3 is removed.

Gears 2 i9 and 223 are constantly meshed with a relatively wide idler gear 23! freely journalled on a pin on the flange 6%. Since gear one more tooth than gear 2l9, each revolution of sprocket will rotate gear 223 and dial 225 an increment greater than a single rotation and the scale on dial 225 is graduated to indicate these increments. This is generall conventional counter drive construction and the details thereof per so do not comprise part of the present invention.

Adjacent and parallel to sprocket at, the up film spool comprises a cylindric 1 Sha having a fiat side surface 23% and formed at opposite ends with central pivot pin extensions Annular end members 235 and 23? are nonrotatabiy mounted on shaft 233, and, the lower pivot pin 235 is journalled in a block 233 secured in the end of chamber E i (Figure 4). A rod 239 extends parallel to surface between end members and 23? for gripping the leader end of the film to be wound.

The upper pivot pin is journalled in the cylirdrical lower bore 22d of a clutch member 252 .aving at its lower end an enlarged shallow cup 53 lined with an annular ring 244 of cork or i.-: high friction facing material constituting a tion clutch connection between clutch mem- 24-2 and spool shaft 238. Clutch member 2&2 projects through a suitable aperture in the upper body wall 2% and is journal d within a suitable upstanding bushing 246 rigidly secured on. wall 25-5. At its upper end clutch member 242 is formed with a diametral slot it? (Figure 31) within which is disposed the non-circular lower end 2 38 of the wind gear unit 26: illustrated in Figure 28.

Above clutch member 242, wind gear unit 249 is integrally formed with a gear 25!, an enlarged cylindrical bearing formation 252, an annular groove and a non-circular head 254. A plate rigid with bushing 24$ as will be described, carries a depending rigid pivot pin 256 on which is freely rotatably mounted an idler gear 25'! constantly meshed with both gear 231 and gear 25!. Plate is formed with a central bore 25% surrounding cylindrical formation 252 and providing a radial bearing support for wind gear unit 263.

In the camera assembly, the bottom of cover 13 rests on plate and a clutch block 259 (Figure 29) having a diametral slot 26! in its upper end is secured rigidly to bushing 245. Clutch block 259 surrounds the upper portion of unit 249 projecting through top cover 13. Preferably block 25.. is formed with two apertures 252 through which extend screws 263 that pass through suitable apertures in top cover I3 and plate 255 and are threaded into bushing 245. Thus clutch block 259, plate 255 and bushing 24% are rigidly secured together when screws 253 are tightened. lhe section illustrated in Figure 27 may be considered as corresponding to line A-A in Figure 29.

A coil d compression spring 264 extends between the shoulder provided by formation 252 and an internal spring seat 265 in clutch block 259. The lower end of spring 264 is of smaller diameter than the remainder of the spring, being disposed in groove 253 so that when the wind gear unit is removed from the assembly the spring 254 remains with it.

An externally knurled wind knob 266 having a cylindrical internal surface 267 and a lower inturned end flange 258 is rigidly secured to the upper end of wind gear unit 24% as by an aperture 2E9 fitted non-rotatably on head 254 and a screw 2H threaded into the upper end of unit 24%. A coil spring 272 is disposed within knob see with its lower end inturned at 213 within slot 25% to anchor the spring to the clutch block.

Spring 2l2 provides for unidirectional rotation of knob 2%. When knob 266 is rotated clockwise to wind film on the spool in chamber 34 such is permitted by spring 212 which contracts in diameter. When an attempt is made to oppositely rotate knob 25%, however, with the parts as in Figure 2'7, friction between spring 272 and brake surface 25? locks knob 25%) against rotation.

In operation, with the film in the camera with its leader end between rod 233 and spool shaft 233, the film is wound on shaft 233 by the operator winding knob 266 in the direction of the arrow on it. This positively rotates clutch memher 232 which drives spool shaft 233 through the friction clutch at 244. At the same time gear 25 through gears 251, 223i and 259, positively drives the sprocket to advance the film toward the spool in chamber 33. Since rotation of the sprocket winds power spring 81 as above described, I have thus provided in this embodiment of the invention a positive mechanical winding arrangement for cocking the power shaft assembly when the film is wound.

The relative sizes of gears 25!, 257, 23! and 2!!! are such that rotation of the knob 265 is faster than rotation of sprocket 90 so that the film is overdriven at the spool, and the difierence in these drive speeds maintains the film taut between the sprocket and take-up spool with the clutch face 244 slipping to prevent excessive tension and breaking of the film. As the diameter of the filrn on shaft 233 accumulates, the linear speed of the film at the spool increases with respect to the sprocket but the slip clutch at 244 maintains the film tension even, and there is no need for complicated roll diameter compensation devices hitherto considered necessary in some cameras.

For rewinding the film when the exposures are complete knob 256 is pulled out until spring end 2"3 clears slot 261 and slightly rotated so that spring end 273 engages the upper end of clutch blocl: 259. This disconnects knob 265 and thereby permits reverse idle rotation of the take-up spool under pull of the film.

The invention may be embodied in other speclfic forms without departing from the spirit or iessential characteristics thereof.

scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

What is claimed and desired to be secured by United States Letters Patent is:

1. In a camera, film advancing mechanism, a power unit energized by operation of said film advancing mechanism comprising a spring having at one end a control connection and at the other end winding connection, exposure control mechanism operatively connected to said control connection, stop means for maintaining said power unit inoperable to actuate said exposure control mechanism during said energization including a pivoted release latch adapted to engage said control connection, means for arresting movement of the film after a predetermined length has been advanced through the camera, reset means distinct from said release latch operated during energization of said power unit operable upon said stop means to place said power unit under control of said release latch when said film has been advanced said predetermined amount, and manually operable means for '30 actuating said release latch.

In the camera defined in claim 1, said means for arresting movement of the film comprising cooperating means on said winding connection and reset means.

3. In a camera, a shuttena shutter actuating member, a support on a wall of said camera, a rotatable shaft having its opposite ends rotatably mounted on said support and an opposite wall of said camera, a cam on said shaft-40 operatively engaged with said member for positively effecting opening and closing movements of said shutter during rotation of said shaft,

a reset cam rotatable on said support, power means comprising a spring anchored at opposite ends to said reset cam and said shaft, means controlling said power means for selectively effecting rotation of said shaft by said power means when an exposure is desired comprising a pivoted release latch and stop means associated with said power means, and reset mechanism intercormeoting said reset cam and said stop means.

4. In a camera, a power unit energized during film advance, a shaft, exposure control mechanism operably connected to said shaft, a shiftable; stop member coacting with a part on said shaft for holding said shaft against rotation by said power unit prior to and during said film advance, reset shiftable during film advance for removing said stop member, a release latch, pivoted in said camera and having a stop for holding said shaft against exposure making rotation after removal of said stop member, manual means for operating said release latch to remove its stop and permit exposure making ro-: tation of said shaft, and means operable durin said shaft rotation for positively moving said stop means into the path of said part on said shaft to arrest rotation of said shaft after a single revolution.

5. In a camera, a power shaft having a projection, exposure control mechanism operably connected to said shaft, spring means for rotating said shaft to make an exposure, a member rotatable for winding said spring means, a shift- 75 able stop for engaging said projection for holding said shaft against rotation during winding of said spring means, a pivoted release latch distinct from said stop and having a stop face,

reset means shifted by rotation of said member for removing said stop from engagement with said projection, said projection hen being engaged by said stop face after insignificant rotation of the shaft by the spring means to prevent exposure making rotation of said shaft, means for manually operating said release latch to disengage stop face and said projection to permit exposure making rotation of said shaft by said spring means, and means for moving said shiftable stop back into the path of rotation of said projection to limit rotation of said shaft to a single revolution,

6. In the camera defined in claim 5, said reset means comprising a cam on said rotatable member, and a shifts-ole member operably connected at opposite ends to said cam and said shiftable stop.

7. In the camera defined in claim 5, a film engaging sprocket in said camera, and mechanism connecting said sprocket and rotatable member for rotating said member to wind the spring means only when the film is being moved in a predetermined direction.

8. In a camera, film advancing means, a power shaft, a shutter operably connected to said shaft, a rotatable member, means for arresting rotation of said rotatable member after a predeter- .mined length of film has been advanced in the camera, means for preventing rotation of said member in one direction, a power spring connected at opposite ends to said shaft and said member, means for arresting rotation of said shaft during rotation of said member to wind said spring comprising a projection on said shaft and a pivoted stop, reset mechanism connected between said rotatable member and said stop for disengaging said step from the projection during said rotation of said member, a release latch distinct from said reset mechanism and having a stop face in the path of said projection immediately following removal of said stop, manual means for operating said release latch to disengage said stop face and projection and permit exposure making rotation of said shaft, and means operable during said shaft rotation for moving said stop back into the path of said projection to limit shaft rotation to a single revolution and for disabling said means preventing rotation of said rotatable member so that the camera is ready for a fresh film advancing operation.

9. In the camera defined in claim 8, a second projection on the shaft, a bulb latch shiftable between operative and inoperative positions, and cooperating means on the release latch and bulb latch adapted, during shaft release operation thereof, to move said bulb latch from its operative position into the path of said second projection whereby said shaft rotation is stopped after only a part of a revolution with the shutter open, and means for disengaging said second projection and the bulb latch when the operator terminates said operation.

10. In a camera, a shutter, a rotatable shaft operably connected to actuate said shutter, a

coiled power spring connected at one end to said shaft, a rotatable member connected to the other end of said spring, a cam on said member,

a pivoted release latch, means resilently biasing said latch in one direction, a projection on said shaft adapted to be engaged by said latch for holding the shaft againstrotation when the spring is energized by rotation of said rotatable member, a shiftable stop'inthe path of rotation of said projection in advance of said latch for holding said shaft against rotation while the spring is being wound, a reset bar shiftably mounted in said camera separately from said latch and operatively connected to said cam so as to be shifted thereby during rotation of said member, an operative connection between the said latch and said shiftable stop for removing said stop from the path of said projection when the spring has been energized, said projection after removal of said step engaging said release latch which holds said shaft against rotation by the power spring, and means for moving said latch in opposition to said resilient meansout of the path of said projection to permit rotation of said shaft under the power of said spring;

11. In the camera defined in claim 10, means for restoring said stop into the path of' said projection after said latch has been tripped and the shaft has started to rotate so as to limit rotation of said shaft to a single revolution.

12. In the camera defined in claim said stop being maintained inoperative by said projection after the stop has been removed from the path of said projection and until said shaft has rotated a small amount.

13. In a camera, a power driven shaft, axially and circumferentially spaced radial projections on said shaft, a bulb latch, a release latch engaged with one of said projections, means for moving said release latch to disengage it from said one projection, means operati-vely connecting the said latches so that said movement of the release latch moves said bulb latch into the path of said other projection so as to arrest said shaft after part of a revolution, means for restoring both latches to permit the shaft to complete a single revolution, and meansrendering said connection between said latches inoperable.

14.111 2. camera, a shutter, a coiled power spring, a shutter drive mechanism between one end of said spring and the shutter, a rotatable member coupled to the other end of said spring, a rotatable film winding member, a train of gears constantly drive connecting said film winding member and said rotatable member and means preventing rotation of said rotatable member except when said film winding member is turned in a selected direction.

15. In a camera, a shutter having an operating lever, a cam having a circumferential slot adapted to receive an end of said lever, a power spring connected to rotate said cam, means controlling rotation of said cam by said spring, said cam slot comprising a long portion extending substantially perpendicular to the axis of its rotation and a short shutter opening and closing portion between the ends of said long portion, said short shutter opening and closing portion comprising in succession an inclined surface on one side of the slot adapted to engage and move the end of said lever in a direction longitudinally of the axis of the cam for shutter opening movement, a short portion parallel to the long portion providing a shutter open period, and an inclined surface on the other side of the slot adapted to engage and move the end of the lever in the opposite direction longitudinally of said cam axis for shutter closing movement, and said cam slot being relieved at its surface opposite said first-named inclined surface t p rmit r 20 rebound of'said shutter lever end and consequent swifter shutter" opening: movement.

16; Inthe camera; defined in claim 15, a governor operably connected to said shutter drive mechanism for controlling the speed of rotation of said cam during the shutter. opening movement thereof.

17. In a camera, a rotatable shutter control member, a torsion spring anchored at one end to said control member, a spring winding member rotatable in the direction for winding said spring and means for preventing its rotation in the other direction, said spring being anchored at its other. end to said winding member, film winding'mechanism, a motion transmitting connection between. said: film winding mechanism and said: spring winding member, releasable means: for holding. said shutter control member against rotation during winding of said spring, a reciprocable resetv member shifted by rotation of said spring winding. member into stop engage'ment with said: spring winding member to arrest rotation of: said spring winding member after predetermined. linear. advance of said film, and means for substantially simultaneously tripping said releasable means for making an exposure and shifting said reset member out of the effective path of rotation of said spring winding member to permit subsequent advance of the film.

18. In a camera having a film take-up spool, a power shaft, a shutter, actuating mechanism between said shaft and shutter, a power spring for rotating said shaft, means for winding said spring comprising a member rotated during winding of the film on said spool, and a motion transmitting connection between said member and said spring comprising a gear on said member, a rotatable gear connected to said spring, a third gear adapted to mesh with both of said gears, and a pivoted support for said third gear mounted for rocking movement about the axis of rotation of said member whereby rotation of said member in one direction urges said third gear into mesh. with said spring connected gear and opposite rotation of said member tends to demesh said third and spring connected gears.

19. In a camera, a spring driven power shaft, a shutter operably connected thereto, axially and circumferentially spaced radial projections on said shaft, a pivoted bulb latch, a pivoted release latch engaged with one of said projections when the spring is wound, means for moving said release latch in one direction to disengage it from said. one projection, means for operatively connecting said latches at least during said movement of the release latch in said one direction for moving said bulb latch into the path of the other of said projections so as to arrest said shaft after part of a revolution, and means operable when said release latch moves in the opposite direction for removing said bulb latch from engagement with said other of said projections to permit said shaft to complete a single revolution.

20. In a camera, film advancing means, a power spring, a shutter having an operative motion transmitting connection to said spring, a release latch for said connection, means operatively connected to said film advancing means for winding said spring, means associated with said winding means for arresting said film advancing means after a predetermined length of film has been advanced, and means operably connected to said Winding means for effecting operative en- 

